Code-switching and code-mixing in the conditions of Slavic-Slavic language contact. Vershina – a unique Polish language island in Siberia

Szczegóły produktu The book describes one of the most characteristic phenomena accompanying bilingualism – the change of language within a communication situation on the material of a particular community: the Polish language island in Siberia, the village of Vershina in the Irkutsk Oblast, founded in 1910 by voluntary settlers from Lesser Poland. The collection of rich field material allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the social and cultural determinants of code-switching and code-mixing in the conditions of contact between the Lesser Poland dialect and the Russian language in group and individual dimensions. SPIS TREŚCI: Introduction 9 1. The social history of Vershina 17 1.1. Polish people in Siberia and “Sibir” – historical and terminological backgrounds / 17 1.2. Voluntary settlement in Siberia and the origins of Vershina / 22 1.3. Key sources for the study of the social history of Vershina / 26 1.4. The main periods in the social history of Vershina / 27 1.4.1. The years 1910–1939: adaptation to new conditions and experience of political and economic changes / 28 1.4.2. The years 1940–1990: progressing Russification and Sovietisation as well as stabilisation of the successive generations / 34 1.4.3. The contemporary period since 1991 – a revival of contacts with the ancestral homeland / 40 2. The sociolinguistic situation of Vershina / 45 2.1. Vershina as a language and cultural island / 45 2.1.1. Vershina as a Polish community in the East / 48 2.2. Bilingualism and diglossia / 50 2.2.1. The genesis of Vershina’s bilingualism and its main features / 50 2.2.2. Diglossia and its evolution over more than one hundred years of the existence of the village / 54 2.3. Bi- and multiculturism. Diethnia / 65 2.3.1. The question of identity / 70 2.4. Description of the expeditions and the process of gathering the material / 96 3. Interference, code-switching and code-mixing in Vershina / 105 3.1. Where are the borders between code-switching and borrowing? / 105 3.2. Various types of borrowings: loanwords and calques or matter and pattern borrowings? / 115 3.3. Do we always understand code-switching in the same way? / 118 4. Code-switching and code-mixing in Vershina in macro-and microsociolinguistic perspectives / 139 4.1. Macrosociolinguistic dimensions of code-switching and code-mixing / 140 4.1.1. Strategies for language choice in communication situations / 140 4.1.2. Emergence of the mixed code / 147 4.1.3. The questions of language shift and language death / 149 4.1.4. Code-switching and code-mixing in written texts. Biscriptality / 157 4.1.5. Macrosociolinguistic aspects of code-switching and code-mixing – possible paths of development / 165 4.2. Microsociolinguistic dimensions of code-switching and code-mixing / 168 4.2.1. Differentiation of individual language competences / 169 4.2.2. Is there an ideal code-switcher in Vershina? / 175 Conclusion / 181 References / 187 Appendix 1. Rules for the transcription of texts / 217 Appendix 2. The informants / 225 Appendix 3. Transcriptions of selected texts / 229 Appendix 4. Vershina in photographs / 249 List of figures Charts Chart 1. The main axis of language contact in Vershina / 52 Chart 2. Contact of two complete codes – bi-directional switching between L1 and L2 / 136 Chart 3. Asymmetric contact of a complete and an incomplete code / 136 Chart 4. Contact of L2 and a mixed L1 / L2 code / 136 Chart 5. General proficiency in the minority language and the home language spoken in childhood /170 Photographs Photo 1. Lyrics of the church song “Czarna Madonna” (‘The Black Madonna’) in the Cyryllic script / 160 Photo 2. Lyrics of the folk song “Wszystko się żytko zazieleniło” (‘All the rye has turned green’) in the Cyryllic script / 161 Photo 3. Lyrics of the folk song “Pognała wołki na Bukowinę” (‘She drove the oxen to the beech forest’) in the Cyryllic script / 162 Photo 4. Gravestone inscription – an example of reflection of the Lesser Poland phonetic features in the Cyryllic script / 164 Photo 5. Gravestone inscription – an example of mirror writing in the Latin script / 164 Tables Table 1. Diglossia in Vershina in the first period of the village’s history / 57 Table 2. Diglossia in Vershina in the second period of the village’s history / 58 Table 3. Diglossia in Vershina in the third period of the village’s history / 61 Table 4. Code-switching and borrowing according to the frequency and integration criteria / 114 Table 5. Possible paths of the development of bilingualism in Vershina / 166 Photographs in Appendix 4 Photo 1. A panoramic view of Vershina from nearby “Miru-mir” hilltop / 249 Photo 2. Buildings of the former kolkhoz against the background of “Miru-mir” hill / 250 Photo 3. Photo display board in the “Polish House” in Vershina / 250 Photo 4. One of the local shops in Vershina / 251 Photo 5. The Ida River in Vershina / 251 Photo 6. The cemetery in Vershina / 252